IsoRadTMMaps show radiation resulting from surficial concentrations of potassium, uranium and thorium.
IsoRadTMMaps are often very usefully displayed as a raster image in its common constituent parts of IsoPotassiumTMMaps, IsoUraniumTM, and
IsoThoriumTM either singly or in any combination of red, green and blue raster images, with the brightness of each pixel being a function of the magnitude of the radiation emitted from the corresponding area on the ground. The
IsoRadTM Series of Maps presupposes the existence of something like America's NURE
(National Uranium Resource Evaluation)
data sets: if such does not exist, the client will have to acquire via another contractor a meaningful measure of the K, U and Th surficial radiation levels. The
IsoRadTM Series of Maps is quite possibly the most effective way known to explore for uranium: as an added bonus it also directly supports detailed geological (stratigraphic) and soils (pedologic) mapping. Some have claimed that
IsoRadTM Map equivalents are useful in exploration for oil & gas.
IsoSlopeTMand IsoAspectTM maps are useful base data to compensate satellite and other imagery for the effects of topographic shadowing. These maps can also be useful aids in land–use planning decisions (e.g., road and residential construction).
IsoComTM maps enable the choosing of optimum communications sites. This requires sufficiently detailed digital topographic maps a–priori generation of IsoLOSTM maps and knowledge about the communications frequencies to be utilized. Frequencies are necessary to calculate areas of signal coverage, multiple path interference zones, etc.
The IsoComTM maps display zones of equal lines of sight for a specific point or points. In the simplest IsoLOSTM model {e.g., for UHF}, a bit–map showing two categories [reception and non–reception] is usually generated. More sophisticated models {e.g., for AM–Radio} generally display more reception categories because of the varying and predictable ability of frequencies below 30 MHz to
follow the contours of the surface of the earth. Indeed, in more sophisticated IsoComTM Map modelling, the different over–the–horizon coverages of different frequencies can be predicted based upon temporal, seasonal and other variations in the D, E, F1, and F2 ionospheric reflectors: similarly, the probability of "ducting" of UHF and other short wavelength signals can be predicted for the circumstances
that might be potentially encountered for various sites. The IsoLOSTM model can also be used to determine the optimum placement within the "Footprint(s)" of one or of multiple satellites.
PigmentTMMaps can be further subdivided into the surficial concentrations of those plant pigments measurable with remote sensing devices, including IsoChlorophyllTM and IsoCaroteneTM When used in association with forestry, soils, geological or agronomic maps, these maps can indicate plant stress. Plant stress can be a result of any
combination of hydrological, pest, geological and other causes and can lead to useful predictions of crop yields, mineralization, polluted areas and pollution sources (point versus non–point), etc. PigmentTMMaps can be of special use in studies of oceans, seas and of large lakes.
IsoProbTMMaps display in a relative qualitative or quantitative sense the probability of finding specific new resources deposits based upon known occurrences of other deposits, geology, geochemistry, structure, remote sensing, analyses, etc. The more sophisticated IsoProbTMMaps can, however, require extensive analysis using additional overlays
[e.g., Photogeological Remote Sensing], to enable more detailed geological mapping, the delineation of geochemical and geobotanical anomalies and sophisticated statistical predictive analyses (e.g., Canonical Correlations). The statistical methods require accurate attribute information. A comparatively primitive, but very useful IsoProbTMMap is one prepared at my request as a Demo by
Petroleum Information/Dwight's Corporation (PI/D) [formerly an authorized dealer] that differentiates at a glance the relative oil & gas potential for Xinjiang Province and adjacent areas. Most of the oil and gas accumulations in western China have been found under or within sediments of Quaternary (Q) and Tertiary (T) age; the least has been found within igneous and volcanic rocks.
Since igneous and volcanic rocks are labelled on the geological map with Greek letters (based on composition), it was a simple matter of Boolean logic to instruct the computer to color all areas of Quaternary sedimentary rocks in yellow, all areas of Tertiary sedimentary rocks in orange, and all areas of igneous or volcanic rocks in red, with the remaining areas remaining uncolored. Had this been done by hand, it would have been very time–consuming and expensive for each such map.
This demonstrates that using the computer and digital map (GIS) technology, multiple copies can be done quickly and inexpensively, with any desired choices of colors, line thicknesses, scales, features (roads, railroads, towns, oil fields, oil seeps, refineries), etc., to demonstrate in map form a desired derived ( IsoProbTM-type) analysis.
All of these above IsoLineTMmaps can be useful precursors to the generation of IsoProfitTMand IsoEconTMmaps, which are themselves special variants of the IsoCombTM(Combination) and IsoCompTM (Computation). IsoProfitTMMaps
display the comparative estimated profitability of resources accumulations or deposits based upon distance from market, proximity to roads and railroads, quality or tenor, proven and probable reserves, taxes and like variables, calculated using off–the–shelf accounting software, usually relative to a raster–based data–set {econometric information} as attributes assigned to pixels, etc. IsoProfitTMMaps usually require several additional precursor data–set
analyses to enable a reasonably accurate estimate of comparative profitabilities. The IsoProfitTM Mapscould also be labelled as What–If? Maps, because they can quickly, pictorially and reasonably answer common questions like: "What if we find the mineralized zone is larger (or smaller) than mapped?"or "What if the taxes are forgiven for five years?" or "What if the price
of gold rises and the price of copper falls?" or "What if we find more water needs to be pumped?"or "What if roads and railroads are extended or improved?" or "What if a pipeline is built?" or any number of other modelable questions. The "What If" aspect of this really means that each client would eventually want to use the China Study data base for ongoing confidential in–house analyses,
weighting each of the variables as each sees fit, with changing conditions or perceptions. Probably, no two people do this alike.